The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is considering a major shift in student visa policy that could significantly impact over 420,000 Indian students currently studying in the United States. The proposed change involves replacing the current “duration of status” model with fixed-term visas for international students on F, J, and I visas.

Under the existing system, international students are allowed to stay in the U.S. for the entire duration of their academic programs, as long as they maintain their enrollment and comply with visa conditions. However, the proposed change would introduce specific expiration dates on visas. This would mean students would need to apply for extensions, even if their academic programs are ongoing — a process that could be time-consuming, uncertain, and expensive.

Legal experts have warned that this shift could lead to logistical and legal complications. For instance, delays in processing visa extensions could disrupt students’ academic calendars. Moreover, any overstay beyond the fixed expiry date — even unintentionally — could be immediately considered “unlawful presence,” potentially leading to bans or future visa denials.

For Indian students, who represent the largest international student population in the U.S., this policy could significantly alter future study plans. It may also impact new applicants who are still considering the U.S. as a study destination. Universities are also concerned. Many argue that only a small percentage (around 3.6%) of students overstay, making such broad restrictions unnecessary. Institutions worry this move could reduce the U.S.’s attractiveness to international students, especially as countries like Canada, the UK, and Australia simplify their visa procedures.

Adding to the concern is speculation that the government may try to fast-track the rule as an “interim final rule,” bypassing the usual public consultation process. This would leave little time for universities, legal experts, and students to respond or adapt to the changes.

The proposed rule represents a significant departure from the current flexible visa structure and could have far-reaching consequences for international education in the U.S. For Indian students, the uncertainty around visa status, processing times, and legal risks may prompt them to consider alternative destinations with more predictable policies. The move has triggered concern not just among students and parents, but also across academic institutions that rely heavily on international student enrollment.